如何在JavaScript中将长正则表达式拆分成多行？

由于模板文字的奇妙世界，您现在可以在ES6中编写大型的，多行的，注释良好的甚至是语义嵌套的正则表达式。

//build regexes without worrying about
// - double-backslashing
// - adding whitespace for readability
// - adding in comments
let clean = (piece) => (piece
    .replace(/((^|\n)(?:[^\/\\]|\/[^*\/]|\\.)*?)\s*\/\*(?:[^*]|\*[^\/])*(\*\/|)/g, '$1')
    .replace(/((^|\n)(?:[^\/\\]|\/[^\/]|\\.)*?)\s*\/\/[^\n]*/g, '$1')
    .replace(/\n\s*/g, '')
);
window.regex = ({raw}, ...interpolations) => (
    new RegExp(interpolations.reduce(
        (regex, insert, index) => (regex + insert + clean(raw[index + 1])),
        clean(raw[0])
    ))
);

现在，您可以使用以下代码编写正则表达式：

let re = regex`I'm a special regex{3} //with a comment!`;

产出

/I'm a special regex{3}/

还是多行呢？

'123hello'
    .match(regex`
        //so this is a regex

        //here I am matching some numbers
        (\d+)

        //Oh! See how I didn't need to double backslash that \d?
        ([a-z]{1,3}) /*note to self, this is group #2*/
    `)
    [2]

输出hel，整齐！

“如果我需要实际搜索换行符怎么办？”，那就\n傻了！

在我的Firefox和Chrome上工作。

好的，“稍微复杂一点？”

当然，这是我正在处理的对象分解JS解析器的一部分：

regex`^\s*
    (
        //closing the object
        (\})|

        //starting from open or comma you can...
        (?:[,{]\s*)(?:
            //have a rest operator
            (\.\.\.)
            |
            //have a property key
            (
                //a non-negative integer
                \b\d+\b
                |
                //any unencapsulated string of the following
                \b[A-Za-z$_][\w$]*\b
                |
                //a quoted string
                //this is #5!
                ("|')(?:
                    //that contains any non-escape, non-quote character
                    (?!\5|\\).
                    |
                    //or any escape sequence
                    (?:\\.)
                //finished by the quote
                )*\5
            )
            //after a property key, we can go inside
            \s*(:|)
      |
      \s*(?={)
        )
    )
    ((?:
        //after closing we expect either
        // - the parent's comma/close,
        // - or the end of the string
        \s*(?:[,}\]=]|$)
        |
        //after the rest operator we expect the close
        \s*\}
        |
        //after diving into a key we expect that object to open
        \s*[{[:]
        |
        //otherwise we saw only a key, we now expect a comma or close
        \s*[,}{]
    ).*)
$`

它输出 /^\s*((\})|(?:[,{]\s*)(?:(\.\.\.)|(\b\d+\b|\b[A-Za-z$_][\w$]*\b|("|')(?:(?!\5|\\).|(?:\\.))*\5)\s*(:|)|\s*(?={)))((?:\s*(?:[,}\]=]|$)|\s*\}|\s*[{[:]|\s*[,}{]).*)$/

并运行一个小演示？

let input = '{why, hello, there, "you   huge \\"", 17, {big,smelly}}';
for (
    let parsed;
    parsed = input.match(r);
    input = parsed[parsed.length - 1]
) console.log(parsed[1]);

成功输出

{why
, hello
, there
, "you   huge \""
, 17
,
{big
,smelly
}
}

请注意成功捕获带引号的字符串。

我在Chrome和Firefox上测试过，效果不错！

<sub>如果好奇的话，您可以查看我在做什么，以及它的示范。

尽管它仅适用于Chrome，但由于Firefox不支持反向引用或命名组。因此请注意，此答案中给出的示例实际上是一个绝望的版本，可能很容易被欺骗来接受无效的字符串。</sub>

RegExp.prototype.append = function(re) {
  return new RegExp(this.source + re.source, this.flags);
};

let regex = /[a-z]/g
.append(/[A-Z]/)
.append(/[0-9]/);

console.log(regex); //=> /[a-z][A-Z][0-9]/g

let EMAIL_REGEXP = 
new RegExp (['^(([^<>()[\\]\\\.,;:\\s@\"]+(\\.[^<>()\\[\\]\\\.,;:\\s@\"]+)*)',
                    '|(".+"))@((\\[[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.',
                    '[0-9]{1,3}\])|(([a-zA-Z\\-0-9]+\\.)+',
                    '[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$'].join(''));

var pattern = new RegExp('^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+' +
  '(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+)*)|(\".+\"))@' +
  '((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|' +
  '(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$');

/\S+@\S+\.\S+/

var box1 = "([^<>()[\]\\\\.,;:\s@\"]+(\\.[^<>()[\\]\\\\.,;:\s@\"]+)*)";
var box2 = "(\".+\")";

var host1 = "(\\[[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\])";
var host2 = "(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,})";

var regex = new RegExp("^(" + box1 + "|" + box2 + ")@(" + host1 + "|" + host2 + ")$");

var pattenString = "^(([^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+(\.[^<>()[\]\\.,;:\s@\"]+)*)|"+
"(\".+\"))@((\[[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\])|"+
"(([a-zA-Z\-0-9]+\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$";
var patten = new RegExp(pattenString);

var regex = /abcd(efghi)+jkl/;

var regex = combineRegex(
    /ab/,
    /cd/,
    [
        /ef/,
        /ghi/
    ],
    /()+jkl/    // Note the added '()' in front of '+'
);

function combineRegexStr(dummy, ...regex)
{
    return regex.map(r => {
        if(Array.isArray(r))
            return "("+combineRegexStr(dummy, ...r).replace(dummy, "")+")";
        else if(Object.getPrototypeOf(r) === Object.getPrototypeOf({}))
            return "["+combineRegexStr(/^\]/, ...(Object.entries(r)[0][1]))+"]";
        else 
            return r.source.replace(dummy, "");
    }).join("");
}
function combineRegex(...regex)
{
    return new RegExp(combineRegexStr(/^\(\)/, ...regex));
}

//Usage:
//Original:
console.log(/abcd(?:ef[+A-Z0-9]gh)+$/.source);
//Same as:
console.log(
  combineRegex(
    /ab/,
    /cd/,
    [
      /()?:ef/,
      {"": [/]+A-Z/, /0-9/]},
      /gh/
    ],
    /()+$/
  ).source
);

function regexp(...args) {
  function cleanup(string) {
    // remove whitespace, single and multi-line comments
    return string.replace(/\s+|\/\/.*|\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//g, '');
  }

  function escape(string) {
    // escape regular expression
    return string.replace(/[-.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&');
  }

  function create(flags, strings, ...values) {
    let pattern = '';
    for (let i = 0; i < values.length; ++i) {
      pattern += cleanup(strings.raw[i]);  // strings are cleaned up
      pattern += escape(values[i]);        // values are escaped
    }
    pattern += cleanup(strings.raw[values.length]);
    return RegExp(pattern, flags);
  }

  if (Array.isArray(args[0])) {
    // used as a template tag (no flags)
    return create('', ...args);
  }

  // used as a function (with flags)
  return create.bind(void 0, args[0]);
}

regexp('i')`
  //so this is a regex

  //here I am matching some numbers
  (\d+)

  //Oh! See how I didn't need to double backslash that \d?
  ([a-z]{1,3}) /*note to self, this is group #2*/
`

/(\d+)([a-z]{1,3})/i